Abdominal pain is one of the most common health complaints. Sometimes it is caused by simple indigestion, while in other cases it may signal a life-threatening condition.
The location of pain may help a doctor consider possible causes, but symptoms alone cannot confirm a diagnosis.
Upper right abdomen
Possible causes include:
- gallstones;
- liver disease; and
- gallbladder infection.
Upper middle abdomen
Possible causes include:
- gastritis;
- peptic ulcer; and
- pancreatitis.
Lower right abdomen
Possible causes include:
- appendicitis;
- kidney stones; and
- ovarian problems.
Lower left abdomen
Possible causes include:
- diverticulitis; and
- constipation.
Pain across the whole abdomen
Possible causes include:
- intestinal obstruction;
- gastroenteritis; and
- peritonitis.
Warning signs
Severe or sudden pain, persistent vomiting, fever, blood in the stool or vomit, a swollen abdomen, yellow eyes, difficulty breathing, or fainting require prompt medical attention.
How abdominal pain is assessed
A doctor may use:
- medical history;
- physical examination;
- blood tests;
- urine tests;
- ultrasound;
- CT scan; and
- endoscopy when necessary.
The investigations selected depend on the symptoms and clinical assessment.
Never ignore persistent pain
Pain lasting more than a few hours or worsening over time should be assessed by a doctor.
Persistent or worsening abdominal pain requires medical assessment, especially when accompanied by warning signs.